The log periodic antenna consists of a number of dipole elements. These progressively reduce in size from the back to the front – the direction of maximum radiation is from the smaller front.
Each dipole element of the LPDA is fed, but the phase is set at random.
If we calculate the gain of this beam based on the above equation, this is the first component in the following list. Our second component in the list of log-periodical antennas is the radio reflection array. The radio reflection array reflects only the primary radio waves. The rest of the secondary and tertiary radio waves that make up the radio reflection array (reduction phase rotations and phase reflections) are ignored. This particular feature implies that the amplitude of radio reflection beam (r1, r2, y1, y2) will always vary within the specified tolerance (T). The third component is also a radio reflection array based on a separate radio reflection beam with uniform rotations, described by the r1, r2 variables, which varies only within the T tolerance range. Thus, in such a scenario, it is possible to observe how radio waves receive from both beams can be reduced to either increase or decrease amplitude of the resulting beam after a given time interval (T).
These components of this type of antenna are well defined by their respective descriptions, but it is worth mentioning that we have assumed that the rotation rate is uniform due to the absence of interference between the beams. The radio reflection array mentioned above has been used in this process for the purposes of demonstrating what happens when a specific range (e.g., 800 MHz or 1500 MHz) is selected as the target range. Finally, the last component is a log-periodical antenna, the log-periodic antenna. As we have mentioned earlier, this specific type of antenna was constructed using a special type of radio reflection array, which varies randomly between 0 and 360 degrees, between the upper and lower bound value. Therefore, this particular antenna is capable of transmitting a wireless signal over a broad range with minimal loss.
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This is defined where the radio reflection and reflection arrays are depicted in blue. Note that the first component (blue line) is in constant phase with the initial radio signal; r1, r2, y1, y2 and λ3 are constants; and x1, x2 and z are constant. While the initial signal is zero, r1=0 and r2=0, the next component is still in constant phase with the initial radio signal. The third component (red line) now has a small set of values, meaning that this beam is being affected by phase rotations. If a given phase change factor value is selected, radio waves reflected by this beam would be sent to its corresponding receiver, and both the amplitude (A) and phase (θ3) will be changed. When the magnitude of the change in the phase rotations is selected to be below the threshold value specified in the previous paragraph, this beam can be attenuated. This is the rationale behind the name “log-periodic”.